mental health therapies that involve prescribed drugs or other procedures acting directly on a patients nervous system are
biomedical therapies
of all the twins who share identical genes with a schizophrenic victim, about ________ do not themselves develop schizophrenia
one half
cognitive therapists are most likely to emphasize that emotional disturbances result from
self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations of bad events
repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation shows greatest promise for the treatment of
depression
inserting a medical instrument through each eye socket was part of a treatment known as
a lobotomy
those with a histrionic personality disorder are most likely to display
dramatic, attention-getting behaviors
in the 1950s hans eysenck challanged the effectiveness of psychotherapy because it appeared to be
no more beneficial than no treatment at all
people are more likely to recover from _____ schizophrenia than from _______ schizophrenia
acute and reactive
in terms of neurotransmitter levels depression is associated with
low norepinephrine levels and low serotonin levels
what drugs are designed to depress the central nervous system
anti anxiety
Elmer, the owner of an auto service station, suddenly began smashing the front fenders and hoods of two customers’ cars. When asked why, he excitedly explained that he was transforming the cars into “real racing machines.” When an employee tried to restrain him, he shouted that everybody was fired and quickly began breaking the car windows. Elmer is exhibiting symptoms of
mania
the reduced self-control of murders is most closely related to reduced brain activity in their ______ lobes
frontal
a deluded scotsman daniel m’naughten tried to assassinate a government official in 1843 but was sentenced to a mental hospital rather than prison because he was judged to be
insane
although shawn felt terribly depressed when he began psychotherapy, he was much happier by the time he had completed therapy. it would be reasonable to attribute some of his improvement to:
regression toward the mean
psychodynamic therapies try to understand patients current symptonms by focusing on recurring patterns in their
childhood
a generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by
a continuous stae of tension, apprehension, and autonomic nervous system arousal
To help Thor overcome his fear of giving public speeches, his therapist instructs him to relax and then to imagine speaking to a group of four people. The therapist is using
systematic desensitization
the dsm-v does not
explain the causes of the various psychological disorders
in a study by david rosenhan researchers were admitted as patients into various mental hospitals after they falsely claimed to be “hearing voices” best illustrating
diagnostic labels
Episodes of intense dread that last for several minutes and are accompanied by shortness of breath, trembling, dizziness, or heart palpitations are most characteristics of a(n):
panic disorder
a lack of conscience s most characteristic of those who have a(n) ________
antisocial personality
exhibiting two or more distinct and alternating personalities is a symptom of a
dissociative identity disorder
persuading depressed patients to reverse their catastrophizing beliefs about themselves and their futures is most characteristic of
becks cognitive therapy
The anterior cingulate cortex, a brain region that monitors our actions and checks for errors, seems especially likely to be hyperactive in those with
ocd
freud introduced
psychoanalysis
prozac zoloft and paxil are called ssris because they
slow the normal reabsorption of excess serotonin from synapses
the study of the effect of drugs on mind and behavior is called
psychopharmacology
saul frequently feels like its difficult for him to speak or swallow but because there is no apparent physical cause he appears to be suffering from
somatoform disorder
carl rogers referred to a caring, nonjudgmental attitude as
unconditional positive regard
bennys mother tries to reduce his fear of sailing by giving him his favorite candy when they board the boat, illustrating
counterconditioning
which perspective suggests that depression is a reaction to loss and the internalization of unresolved anger towards parents
psychoanalytic
praising socially withdrawn children when they have eye contact with others and ignoring them after a temper tantrum best illustrates an application of
operant conditioning
Carl Rogers encouraged client-centered therapies to __________ during the process of therapy.
genuinely express their own true feelings
psychiatrists and psychologists label behavior as disordered when it is
deviant, distressful, & dysfunctional behavior patterns
flat affect and catatonia are symptoms most closely associated with
schizophrenia
Dr Jackson reinforces depressed patients for their participation in pleasant activities and trains them to take increasingly more credit for the rewards they gain from engaging in those activities. Dr Jackson’s treatment approach best illustrates
cognitive behavior therapy
an incapacitating and highly distressing fear about being embarrassed in the presence of others is most characteristic of
social phobia
drugs that alleviate mania tend to reduce levels of the neurotransmitter
norepinephrine
newer atypical anti psychotics, such as clozril, target both
dopamine and serotonin receptors
drugs that alleviate mania tend to reduce levels of the neurotransmitter
norepinephrine
psychoanalytic techniques are designed primarily to help patients
become aware of their repressed conflicts and impulses
in one treatment for bed-wetting, the child sleeps on a liquid-sensitive pad that when wet, triggers an alarm awakens the child. this treatment is a form of
behavior therapy