Bio20 – Exam 3

The autonomic nervous system is divided into

Synaptic vesicles store

The site of communication between two neurons is called a

Neurons that have one main dendrite and one axon are called

Gaps in the myelin sheath are called

White matter of the nervous system is composed of

Ion channels open and close due to the presence of

The plasma membrane of a neuron is more permeable to potassium ions than to sodium ions because the membrane has

Afferent nerves conduct nerve impulses from

The branch of a neuron that carries a nerve impulse away from the cell body is the

What would normally be found within the central canal of the spinal cord?

What would normally be found immediately surrounding central canal of the spinal cord?

In the adult, the spinal cord extends from the medulla to the

To do a lumbar puncture, the needle is inserted into the

The nerve that stimulates the diaphragm to contract arises from the

The nerve that stimulates the diaphragm to contract is the

The endoneurium is the

The spinal cord is suspended in the middle of its dural sheath by

The innermost layer of the meninges is the

The spinal cord is continuous with the

The cavities within the brain are called

Fine control of body coordination and balance is a function of the

The type of neuroglia that wrap around capillaries in the blood-brain barrier are the

The brain stem is made up of the

Which of the following is NOT TRUE for cerebrospinal fluid?

Superior to the hypothalamus and between the halves of the thalamus is the

The function of a choroid plexus is to

The function of arachnoid villi is to

White fibers that transmit impulses between corresponding gyri in opposite cerebral hemispheres are called

The reason hydrocephalus is so dangerous is that

Between the foramen magnum and the pons is the

The left side of the cerebrum controls skeletal muscles on the right side of the body because motor neurons cross from left to right in the

The primary motor area of the cerebral cortex is located in the

The primary visual area and visual association area of the cerebral cortex are both located in the

Converting thoughts to spoken words is a complex activity that are located in the

Light is an appropriate stimulus for

The conscious awareness and interpretation of sensations is called

Sensory endings located in muscles, tendons, joints, and the inner ear are called

ALL of the following are considered general senses EXCEPT

Which of the following is NOT considered a special sense?

Neurons that transmit impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system are called

Free nerve endings are

ALL of the following would be sensed by mechanoreceptors EXCEPT

Nociceptors are receptors for

The primary somatosensory area of the cerebral cortex is located in the

To say that most organs served by the ANS have “dual innervation” means that

Which of the following is an example of an effector for a visceral efferent neuron?

The second neuron in the autonomic motor pathway is called

Autonomic plexuses include the

The sites of olfactory transduction are the olfactory hairs, which are

Olfactory sensations reach the brain via

The receptors on the tip of the tongue are most sensitive to

In order for a substance to be tasted, it must be

Fungiform papillae contain

The lacrimal apparatus produces

Lacrimal fluid contains a protective bacterial enzyme called

Venous sinus (Canal of Schlemm) exits the eye through an opening in the

“Bloodshot eyes” are the result of dilation of blood vessels in the

The function of the ciliary processes is to

The lens is held in place by the

Intraocular pressure is produced mainly by

Nutrients are provided to the posterior surface of the retina by blood vessels in the darkly pigmented portion of the vascular tunic known as the

The retina is held in place by the

Photoreceptors are located in the

The blind spot of the retina is so-called because

The central fovea is

In the process of forming an image on the retina, convergence occurs to allow

Which of the following occurs when trying to focus on a close object?

The four refracting media of the eye, listed in the sequence in which they refract light, are
1. vitreous body.
2. lens.
3. aqueous humor.
4. cornea.

Which of the following lists the route of impulse transmission in the correct order?

The auditory (Eustachian) tube connects the

The ossicles are the major structures of the

The middle ear is normally filled with

The role of the stapedius muscle is to

Receptor potentials are produced when

The primary function of the utricle and saccule is to

Which one of the following sequences correctly traces the sound wave across the middle ear?
1. tympanic membrane
2. malleus
3. incus
4. stapes
5. oval window

The endolymph filled_____lies between the perilymph filled _____and the _____separated by the _____and ____membranes respectively.

The buffy coat of centrifuged blood consists mainly of

The most abundant of the plasma proteins are the

The total blood volume in an average adult is about

ALL of the following are important functions of plasma proteins EXCEPT

The percentage of total blood volume occupied by RBCs is called the

Pluripotent stem cells produce

“5 million per microliter” is a value falling within the normal adult range for the number of

Erythropoietin is synthesized by the

Oxygen is transported by red blood cells by binding to

The primary organs whose macrophages are responsible for phagocytizing worn-out red blood cells are the

Agranular leukocytes that are phagocytic are the

The most abundant of the leukocytes are the

The formed elements that are fragments of larger cells called megakaryocytes are

When red blood cells wear out, the iron is saved and most of the remainder of the hemoglobin is

A clot in an unbroken vessel is called

So-called natural killer cells are a form of

Type A blood has an isoantibody called

Which of the following indicates a normal differential count in a healthy adult?

Type O is considered the theoretical universal

The father is Rh- and the mother is Rh+. They have had three children without adverse problems due to the Rh factor. The mother is pregnant again. In terms of Rh factor, the risk to the fetus now within the uterus

MHC antigens are

The space between the parietal and visceral layers of the pericardium is normally filled with

The layer of the heart wall responsible for its pumping action is the

Blood flows from the superior vena cava into the

The fossa ovalis is a prominent depression seen in the

The myocardium is made of

Blood flows from the pulmonary veins into the

The bicuspid valve is located between the

There is a semilunar valve between the

Blood flows into the coronary arteries from the

The function of the chordae tendineae is to

The atrioventricular valves open when

All deoxygenated blood returning from the systemic circulation flows into the

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of parts through which blood moves in passing from the vena cava to the lungs?
1. right atrium
2. tricuspid valve
3. right ventricle
4. pulmonary valve
5. pulmonary artery

The left ventricle wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to

A blockage in the marginal branch of the coronary circulation would most affect the

The function of intercalated discs is to

Which of the following lists the elements of the heart’s conduction system in the correct order?

The initiation of the heart beat is the responsibility of the

The tunica interna of a blood vessel is made of

The layer of a blood vessel wall that determines the diameter of the lumen is the

Valves are present in

Vasoconstriction decreases the lumen of a vessel which will:

The connection between the pulmonary artery and the aorta in fetal circulation is called

The hepatic portal vein is formed by the union of the superior mesenteric vein and the

The internal jugular veins receive blood from the

The primary arteries of the pelvis are the

If the inferior vena cava or hepatic portal vein becomes obstructed, blood can be returned from the lower body to the superior vena cava via the

Which of the following flows directly into the inferior vena cava?

Blood passes from the fetus to the placenta via the

A superficial vein in the leg that is frequently used for prolonged administration of IV fluids is the

Vessels that are part of the cerebral arterial circle include the

The composition of lymph is most similar to

The thoracic duct empties lymph into the

The cisterna chyli is

People who are confined to bed for long period of time often develop edema because

Which of the following correctly lists the structures according to the sequence of fluid flow?

Which of the following lists the structures in the correct order of lymph flow through a lymph node?

Specialized lymphatic capillaries called lacteals are found in

T cells and B cells are

B cells proliferate and differentiate into plasma cells in the

Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen?

Lysozyme is

Which of the following would most likely increase a person’s risk of invasion by pathogenic microbes?

The swelling associated with inflammation is caused by

After phagocytosis, which cellular organelle attaches to the phagosome and digests it?

Antibody-mediated immunity is most effective against

The success of an organ or tissue transplant depends on

Presentation of an endogenous antigen bound to an MHC-I molecule signals that

The immunoglobulin important for providing passively acquired immunity to the fetus in utero is

Which of the following is NOT considered a function of the respiratory system?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nose?

Which of the following lists the structures in the correct order of air flow?

Air pressure in the middle ear is equalized via the auditory tube, which opens into the

The vocal folds are part of the

The function of the epiglottis is to

C-shaped cartilage rings support the

What is the anatomic name of the structure known as the Adam’s apple?

Place the following structures of the respiratory tree in order, considering how air enters the tree:
1. secondary bronchi
2. bronchioles
3. alveolar ducts
4. primary bronchi
5. respiratory bronchioles
6. alveoli
7. terminal bronchioles

What is normally found between the visceral and parietal layers of the pleura?

A function of type II alveolar cells is to

The respiratory membrane through which gases diffuse includes ALL of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following muscles helps increase the size of the thoracic cavity during forced inspiration?

Surface tension exists in alveoli because

When the diaphragm contracts,

The normal resting minute volume is

The residual volume is the amount of air

The tidal volume is the

Where would you expect to find the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?

Most oxygen is transported in blood by

Most carbon dioxide is transported in blood by

Returns oxygenated blood from placenta

Opening in the septum of the atria

Becomes the ligamentum venosus after birth

Connects pulmonary trunk to aorta